|
1 libjpeg-turbo note: This file has been modified by The libjpeg-turbo Project |
|
2 to include only information relevant to libjpeg-turbo, to wordsmith certain |
|
3 sections, and to remove impolitic language that existed in the libjpeg v8 |
|
4 README. It is included only for reference. Please see README-turbo.txt for |
|
5 information specific to libjpeg-turbo. |
|
6 |
|
7 |
|
8 The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software |
|
9 ========================================== |
|
10 |
|
11 This distribution contains a release of the Independent JPEG Group's free JPEG |
|
12 software. You are welcome to redistribute this software and to use it for any |
|
13 purpose, subject to the conditions under LEGAL ISSUES, below. |
|
14 |
|
15 This software is the work of Tom Lane, Guido Vollbeding, Philip Gladstone, |
|
16 Bill Allombert, Jim Boucher, Lee Crocker, Bob Friesenhahn, Ben Jackson, |
|
17 Julian Minguillon, Luis Ortiz, George Phillips, Davide Rossi, Ge' Weijers, |
|
18 and other members of the Independent JPEG Group. |
|
19 |
|
20 IJG is not affiliated with the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee |
|
21 (also known as JPEG, together with ITU-T SG16). |
|
22 |
|
23 |
|
24 DOCUMENTATION ROADMAP |
|
25 ===================== |
|
26 |
|
27 This file contains the following sections: |
|
28 |
|
29 OVERVIEW General description of JPEG and the IJG software. |
|
30 LEGAL ISSUES Copyright, lack of warranty, terms of distribution. |
|
31 REFERENCES Where to learn more about JPEG. |
|
32 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS Where to find newer versions of this software. |
|
33 FILE FORMAT WARS Software *not* to get. |
|
34 TO DO Plans for future IJG releases. |
|
35 |
|
36 Other documentation files in the distribution are: |
|
37 |
|
38 User documentation: |
|
39 install.txt How to configure and install the IJG software. |
|
40 usage.txt Usage instructions for cjpeg, djpeg, jpegtran, |
|
41 rdjpgcom, and wrjpgcom. |
|
42 *.1 Unix-style man pages for programs (same info as usage.txt). |
|
43 wizard.txt Advanced usage instructions for JPEG wizards only. |
|
44 change.log Version-to-version change highlights. |
|
45 Programmer and internal documentation: |
|
46 libjpeg.txt How to use the JPEG library in your own programs. |
|
47 example.c Sample code for calling the JPEG library. |
|
48 structure.txt Overview of the JPEG library's internal structure. |
|
49 coderules.txt Coding style rules --- please read if you contribute code. |
|
50 |
|
51 Please read at least the files install.txt and usage.txt. Some information |
|
52 can also be found in the JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article. See |
|
53 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS below to find out where to obtain the FAQ article. |
|
54 |
|
55 If you want to understand how the JPEG code works, we suggest reading one or |
|
56 more of the REFERENCES, then looking at the documentation files (in roughly |
|
57 the order listed) before diving into the code. |
|
58 |
|
59 |
|
60 OVERVIEW |
|
61 ======== |
|
62 |
|
63 This package contains C software to implement JPEG image encoding, decoding, |
|
64 and transcoding. JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized compression |
|
65 method for full-color and gray-scale images. JPEG's strong suit is compressing |
|
66 photographic images or other types of images that have smooth color and |
|
67 brightness transitions between neighboring pixels. Images with sharp lines or |
|
68 other abrupt features may not compress well with JPEG, and a higher JPEG |
|
69 quality may have to be used to avoid visible compression artifacts with such |
|
70 images. |
|
71 |
|
72 JPEG is lossy, meaning that the output pixels are not necessarily identical to |
|
73 the input pixels. However, on photographic content and other "smooth" images, |
|
74 very good compression ratios can be obtained with no visible compression |
|
75 artifacts, and extremely high compression ratios are possible if you are |
|
76 willing to sacrifice image quality (by reducing the "quality" setting in the |
|
77 compressor.) |
|
78 |
|
79 This software implements JPEG baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive |
|
80 compression processes. Provision is made for supporting all variants of these |
|
81 processes, although some uncommon parameter settings aren't implemented yet. |
|
82 We have made no provision for supporting the hierarchical or lossless |
|
83 processes defined in the standard. |
|
84 |
|
85 We provide a set of library routines for reading and writing JPEG image files, |
|
86 plus two sample applications "cjpeg" and "djpeg", which use the library to |
|
87 perform conversion between JPEG and some other popular image file formats. |
|
88 The library is intended to be reused in other applications. |
|
89 |
|
90 In order to support file conversion and viewing software, we have included |
|
91 considerable functionality beyond the bare JPEG coding/decoding capability; |
|
92 for example, the color quantization modules are not strictly part of JPEG |
|
93 decoding, but they are essential for output to colormapped file formats or |
|
94 colormapped displays. These extra functions can be compiled out of the |
|
95 library if not required for a particular application. |
|
96 |
|
97 We have also included "jpegtran", a utility for lossless transcoding between |
|
98 different JPEG processes, and "rdjpgcom" and "wrjpgcom", two simple |
|
99 applications for inserting and extracting textual comments in JFIF files. |
|
100 |
|
101 The emphasis in designing this software has been on achieving portability and |
|
102 flexibility, while also making it fast enough to be useful. In particular, |
|
103 the software is not intended to be read as a tutorial on JPEG. (See the |
|
104 REFERENCES section for introductory material.) Rather, it is intended to |
|
105 be reliable, portable, industrial-strength code. We do not claim to have |
|
106 achieved that goal in every aspect of the software, but we strive for it. |
|
107 |
|
108 We welcome the use of this software as a component of commercial products. |
|
109 No royalty is required, but we do ask for an acknowledgement in product |
|
110 documentation, as described under LEGAL ISSUES. |
|
111 |
|
112 |
|
113 LEGAL ISSUES |
|
114 ============ |
|
115 |
|
116 In plain English: |
|
117 |
|
118 1. We don't promise that this software works. (But if you find any bugs, |
|
119 please let us know!) |
|
120 2. You can use this software for whatever you want. You don't have to pay us. |
|
121 3. You may not pretend that you wrote this software. If you use it in a |
|
122 program, you must acknowledge somewhere in your documentation that |
|
123 you've used the IJG code. |
|
124 |
|
125 In legalese: |
|
126 |
|
127 The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied, |
|
128 with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or |
|
129 fitness for a particular purpose. This software is provided "AS IS", and you, |
|
130 its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy. |
|
131 |
|
132 This software is copyright (C) 1991-2012, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding. |
|
133 All Rights Reserved except as specified below. |
|
134 |
|
135 Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this |
|
136 software (or portions thereof) for any purpose, without fee, subject to these |
|
137 conditions: |
|
138 (1) If any part of the source code for this software is distributed, then this |
|
139 README file must be included, with this copyright and no-warranty notice |
|
140 unaltered; and any additions, deletions, or changes to the original files |
|
141 must be clearly indicated in accompanying documentation. |
|
142 (2) If only executable code is distributed, then the accompanying |
|
143 documentation must state that "this software is based in part on the work of |
|
144 the Independent JPEG Group". |
|
145 (3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the user accepts |
|
146 full responsibility for any undesirable consequences; the authors accept |
|
147 NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind. |
|
148 |
|
149 These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on the IJG code, |
|
150 not just to the unmodified library. If you use our work, you ought to |
|
151 acknowledge us. |
|
152 |
|
153 Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name or company name |
|
154 in advertising or publicity relating to this software or products derived from |
|
155 it. This software may be referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's |
|
156 software". |
|
157 |
|
158 We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as the basis of |
|
159 commercial products, provided that all warranty or liability claims are |
|
160 assumed by the product vendor. |
|
161 |
|
162 |
|
163 The Unix configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU Autoconf. |
|
164 It is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is freely distributable. |
|
165 The same holds for its supporting scripts (config.guess, config.sub, |
|
166 ltmain.sh). Another support script, install-sh, is copyright by X Consortium |
|
167 but is also freely distributable. |
|
168 |
|
169 The IJG distribution formerly included code to read and write GIF files. |
|
170 To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW patent, GIF reading support has |
|
171 been removed altogether, and the GIF writer has been simplified to produce |
|
172 "uncompressed GIFs". This technique does not use the LZW algorithm; the |
|
173 resulting GIF files are larger than usual, but are readable by all standard |
|
174 GIF decoders. |
|
175 |
|
176 We are required to state that |
|
177 "The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of |
|
178 CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of |
|
179 CompuServe Incorporated." |
|
180 |
|
181 |
|
182 REFERENCES |
|
183 ========== |
|
184 |
|
185 We recommend reading one or more of these references before trying to |
|
186 understand the innards of the JPEG software. |
|
187 |
|
188 The best short technical introduction to the JPEG compression algorithm is |
|
189 Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard", |
|
190 Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34 no. 4), pp. 30-44. |
|
191 (Adjacent articles in that issue discuss MPEG motion picture compression, |
|
192 applications of JPEG, and related topics.) If you don't have the CACM issue |
|
193 handy, a PostScript file containing a revised version of Wallace's article is |
|
194 available at http://www.ijg.org/files/wallace.ps.gz. The file (actually |
|
195 a preprint for an article that appeared in IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics) |
|
196 omits the sample images that appeared in CACM, but it includes corrections |
|
197 and some added material. Note: the Wallace article is copyright ACM and IEEE, |
|
198 and it may not be used for commercial purposes. |
|
199 |
|
200 A somewhat less technical, more leisurely introduction to JPEG can be found in |
|
201 "The Data Compression Book" by Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, published by |
|
202 M&T Books (New York), 2nd ed. 1996, ISBN 1-55851-434-1. This book provides |
|
203 good explanations and example C code for a multitude of compression methods |
|
204 including JPEG. It is an excellent source if you are comfortable reading C |
|
205 code but don't know much about data compression in general. The book's JPEG |
|
206 sample code is far from industrial-strength, but when you are ready to look |
|
207 at a full implementation, you've got one here... |
|
208 |
|
209 The best currently available description of JPEG is the textbook "JPEG Still |
|
210 Image Data Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker and Joan L. |
|
211 Mitchell, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1. |
|
212 Price US$59.95, 638 pp. The book includes the complete text of the ISO JPEG |
|
213 standards (DIS 10918-1 and draft DIS 10918-2). |
|
214 |
|
215 The original JPEG standard is divided into two parts, Part 1 being the actual |
|
216 specification, while Part 2 covers compliance testing methods. Part 1 is |
|
217 titled "Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still Images, |
|
218 Part 1: Requirements and guidelines" and has document numbers ISO/IEC IS |
|
219 10918-1, ITU-T T.81. Part 2 is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of |
|
220 Continuous-tone Still Images, Part 2: Compliance testing" and has document |
|
221 numbers ISO/IEC IS 10918-2, ITU-T T.83. |
|
222 |
|
223 The JPEG standard does not specify all details of an interchangeable file |
|
224 format. For the omitted details we follow the "JFIF" conventions, revision |
|
225 1.02. JFIF 1.02 has been adopted as an Ecma International Technical Report |
|
226 and thus received a formal publication status. It is available as a free |
|
227 download in PDF format from |
|
228 http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/techreports/E-TR-098.htm. |
|
229 A PostScript version of the JFIF document is available at |
|
230 http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.ps.gz. There is also a plain text version at |
|
231 http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.txt.gz, but it is missing the figures. |
|
232 |
|
233 The TIFF 6.0 file format specification can be obtained by FTP from |
|
234 ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.gz. The JPEG incorporation scheme |
|
235 found in the TIFF 6.0 spec of 3-June-92 has a number of serious problems. |
|
236 IJG does not recommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF Compression tag 6). |
|
237 Instead, we recommend the JPEG design proposed by TIFF Technical Note #2 |
|
238 (Compression tag 7). Copies of this Note can be obtained from |
|
239 http://www.ijg.org/files/. It is expected that the next revision |
|
240 of the TIFF spec will replace the 6.0 JPEG design with the Note's design. |
|
241 Although IJG's own code does not support TIFF/JPEG, the free libtiff library |
|
242 uses our library to implement TIFF/JPEG per the Note. |
|
243 |
|
244 |
|
245 ARCHIVE LOCATIONS |
|
246 ================= |
|
247 |
|
248 The "official" archive site for this software is www.ijg.org. |
|
249 The most recent released version can always be found there in |
|
250 directory "files". This particular version will be archived as |
|
251 http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v8d.tar.gz, and in Windows-compatible |
|
252 "zip" archive format as http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsr8d.zip. |
|
253 |
|
254 The JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article is a source of some |
|
255 general information about JPEG. |
|
256 It is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/ |
|
257 and other news.answers archive sites, including the official news.answers |
|
258 archive at rtfm.mit.edu: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/. |
|
259 If you don't have Web or FTP access, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu |
|
260 with body |
|
261 send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1 |
|
262 send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part2 |
|
263 |
|
264 |
|
265 FILE FORMAT WARS |
|
266 ================ |
|
267 |
|
268 The ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee (also known as JPEG, together |
|
269 with ITU-T SG16) currently promotes different formats containing the name |
|
270 "JPEG" which are incompatible with original DCT-based JPEG. IJG therefore does |
|
271 not support these formats (see REFERENCES). Indeed, one of the original |
|
272 reasons for developing this free software was to help force convergence on |
|
273 common, interoperable format standards for JPEG files. |
|
274 Don't use an incompatible file format! |
|
275 (In any case, our decoder will remain capable of reading existing JPEG |
|
276 image files indefinitely.) |
|
277 |
|
278 |
|
279 TO DO |
|
280 ===== |
|
281 |
|
282 Please send bug reports, offers of help, etc. to jpeg-info@jpegclub.org. |