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 // Copyright 2005, Google Inc.

 // All rights reserved.

 //

 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are

 // met:

 //

 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer

 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the

 // distribution.

 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its

 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from

 // this software without specific prior written permission.

 //

 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR

 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT

 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT

 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE

 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 //

 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)

 //

 // Tests for Google Test itself.  This verifies that the basic constructs of

 // Google Test work.

 #include "gtest/gtest.h"

 // Verifies that the command line flag variables can be accessed

 // in code once <gtest/gtest.h> has been #included.

 // Do not move it after other #includes.

 TEST(CommandLineFlagsTest, CanBeAccessedInCodeOnceGTestHIsIncluded) {

   bool dummy = testing::GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(color) != "unknown"

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter) != "unknown"

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(list_tests)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(output) != "unknown"

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(random_seed)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat) > 0

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) > 0

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) != "unknown"

       || testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);

   EXPECT_TRUE(dummy || !dummy);  // Suppresses warning that dummy is unused.

 }

 #include <limits.h>  // For INT_MAX.

 #include <stdlib.h>

 #include <string.h>

 #include <time.h>

 #include <map>

 #include <vector>

 #include <ostream>

 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"

 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's

 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is

 // included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to

 // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in

 // his code.

 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1

 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"

 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

 namespace testing {

 namespace internal {

 // Provides access to otherwise private parts of the TestEventListeners class

 // that are needed to test it.

 class TestEventListenersAccessor {

  public:

   static TestEventListener* GetRepeater(TestEventListeners* listeners) {

     return listeners->repeater();

   }

   static void SetDefaultResultPrinter(TestEventListeners* listeners,

                                       TestEventListener* listener) {

     listeners->SetDefaultResultPrinter(listener);

   }

   static void SetDefaultXmlGenerator(TestEventListeners* listeners,

                                      TestEventListener* listener) {

     listeners->SetDefaultXmlGenerator(listener);

   }

   static bool EventForwardingEnabled(const TestEventListeners& listeners) {

     return listeners.EventForwardingEnabled();

   }

   static void SuppressEventForwarding(TestEventListeners* listeners) {

     listeners->SuppressEventForwarding();

   }

 };

 }  // namespace internal

 }  // namespace testing

 using testing::AssertionFailure;

 using testing::AssertionResult;

 using testing::AssertionSuccess;

 using testing::DoubleLE;

 using testing::EmptyTestEventListener;

 using testing::FloatLE;

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(color);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(filter);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(list_tests);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(output);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(print_time);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(random_seed);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(repeat);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(show_internal_stack_frames);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(shuffle);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to);

 using testing::GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure);

 using testing::IsNotSubstring;

 using testing::IsSubstring;

 using testing::Message;

 using testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter;

 using testing::StaticAssertTypeEq;

 using testing::Test;

 using testing::TestCase;

 using testing::TestEventListeners;

 using testing::TestPartResult;

 using testing::TestPartResultArray;

 using testing::TestProperty;

 using testing::TestResult;

 using testing::TimeInMillis;

 using testing::UnitTest;

 using testing::kMaxStackTraceDepth;

 using testing::internal::AddReference;

 using testing::internal::AlwaysFalse;

 using testing::internal::AlwaysTrue;

 using testing::internal::AppendUserMessage;

 using testing::internal::ArrayAwareFind;

 using testing::internal::ArrayEq;

 using testing::internal::CodePointToUtf8;

 using testing::internal::CompileAssertTypesEqual;

 using testing::internal::CopyArray;

 using testing::internal::CountIf;

 using testing::internal::EqFailure;

 using testing::internal::FloatingPoint;

 using testing::internal::ForEach;

 using testing::internal::FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601;

 using testing::internal::FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds;

 using testing::internal::GTestFlagSaver;

 using testing::internal::GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop;

 using testing::internal::GetElementOr;

 using testing::internal::GetNextRandomSeed;

 using testing::internal::GetRandomSeedFromFlag;

 using testing::internal::GetTestTypeId;

 using testing::internal::GetTimeInMillis;

 using testing::internal::GetTypeId;

 using testing::internal::GetUnitTestImpl;

 using testing::internal::ImplicitlyConvertible;

 using testing::internal::Int32;

 using testing::internal::Int32FromEnvOrDie;

 using testing::internal::IsAProtocolMessage;

 using testing::internal::IsContainer;

 using testing::internal::IsContainerTest;

 using testing::internal::IsNotContainer;

 using testing::internal::NativeArray;

 using testing::internal::ParseInt32Flag;

 using testing::internal::RemoveConst;

 using testing::internal::RemoveReference;

 using testing::internal::ShouldRunTestOnShard;

 using testing::internal::ShouldShard;

 using testing::internal::ShouldUseColor;

 using testing::internal::Shuffle;

 using testing::internal::ShuffleRange;

 using testing::internal::SkipPrefix;

 using testing::internal::StreamableToString;

 using testing::internal::String;

 using testing::internal::TestEventListenersAccessor;

 using testing::internal::TestResultAccessor;

 using testing::internal::UInt32;

 using testing::internal::WideStringToUtf8;

 using testing::internal::kCopy;

 using testing::internal::kMaxRandomSeed;

 using testing::internal::kReference;

 using testing::internal::kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;

 using testing::internal::scoped_ptr;

 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION

 using testing::internal::CaptureStdout;

 using testing::internal::GetCapturedStdout;

 #endif

 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE

 using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;

 #endif

 class TestingVector : public std::vector<int> {

 };

 ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,

                            const TestingVector& vector) {

   os << "{ ";

   for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {

     os << vector[i] << " ";

   }

   os << "}";

   return os;

 }

 // This line tests that we can define tests in an unnamed namespace.

 namespace {

 TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, HandlesZero) {

   const int seed = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(0);

   EXPECT_LE(1, seed);

   EXPECT_LE(seed, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));

 }

 TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, PreservesValidSeed) {

   EXPECT_EQ(1, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(1));

   EXPECT_EQ(2, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(2));

   EXPECT_EQ(kMaxRandomSeed - 1, GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed - 1));

   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed),

             GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed));

 }

 TEST(GetRandomSeedFromFlagTest, NormalizesInvalidSeed) {

   const int seed1 = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(-1);

   EXPECT_LE(1, seed1);

   EXPECT_LE(seed1, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));

   const int seed2 = GetRandomSeedFromFlag(kMaxRandomSeed + 1);

   EXPECT_LE(1, seed2);

   EXPECT_LE(seed2, static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed));

 }

 TEST(GetNextRandomSeedTest, WorksForValidInput) {

   EXPECT_EQ(2, GetNextRandomSeed(1));

   EXPECT_EQ(3, GetNextRandomSeed(2));

   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(kMaxRandomSeed),

             GetNextRandomSeed(kMaxRandomSeed - 1));

   EXPECT_EQ(1, GetNextRandomSeed(kMaxRandomSeed));

   // We deliberately don't test GetNextRandomSeed() with invalid

   // inputs, as that requires death tests, which are expensive.  This

   // is fine as GetNextRandomSeed() is internal and has a

   // straightforward definition.

 }

 static void ClearCurrentTestPartResults() {

   TestResultAccessor::ClearTestPartResults(

       GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result());

 }

 // Tests GetTypeId.

 TEST(GetTypeIdTest, ReturnsSameValueForSameType) {

   EXPECT_EQ(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<int>());

   EXPECT_EQ(GetTypeId<Test>(), GetTypeId<Test>());

 }

 class SubClassOfTest : public Test {};

 class AnotherSubClassOfTest : public Test {};

 TEST(GetTypeIdTest, ReturnsDifferentValuesForDifferentTypes) {

   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<const int>());

   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTypeId<char>());

   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<int>(), GetTestTypeId());

   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<SubClassOfTest>(), GetTestTypeId());

   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<AnotherSubClassOfTest>(), GetTestTypeId());

   EXPECT_NE(GetTypeId<AnotherSubClassOfTest>(), GetTypeId<SubClassOfTest>());

 }

 // Verifies that GetTestTypeId() returns the same value, no matter it

 // is called from inside Google Test or outside of it.

 TEST(GetTestTypeIdTest, ReturnsTheSameValueInsideOrOutsideOfGoogleTest) {

   EXPECT_EQ(kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest, GetTestTypeId());

 }

 // Tests FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds().

 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsZero) {

   EXPECT_EQ("0", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(0));

 }

 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsPositiveNumber) {

   EXPECT_EQ("0.003", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3));

   EXPECT_EQ("0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(10));

   EXPECT_EQ("0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(200));

   EXPECT_EQ("1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(1200));

   EXPECT_EQ("3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(3000));

 }

 TEST(FormatTimeInMillisAsSecondsTest, FormatsNegativeNumber) {

   EXPECT_EQ("-0.003", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3));

   EXPECT_EQ("-0.01", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-10));

   EXPECT_EQ("-0.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-200));

   EXPECT_EQ("-1.2", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-1200));

   EXPECT_EQ("-3", FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds(-3000));

 }

 // Tests FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601().  The correctness of conversion

 // for particular dates below was verified in Python using

 // datetime.datetime.fromutctimestamp(<timetamp>/1000).

 // FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601 depends on the current timezone, so we

 // have to set up a particular timezone to obtain predictable results.

 class FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test : public Test {

  public:

   // On Cygwin, GCC doesn't allow unqualified integer literals to exceed

   // 32 bits, even when 64-bit integer types are available.  We have to

   // force the constants to have a 64-bit type here.

   static const TimeInMillis kMillisPerSec = 1000;

  private:

   virtual void SetUp() {

     saved_tz_ = NULL;

 #if _MSC_VER

 # pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.

 # pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996

                                 // (function or variable may be unsafe

                                 // for getenv, function is deprecated for

                                 // strdup).

     if (getenv("TZ"))

       saved_tz_ = strdup(getenv("TZ"));

 # pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state again.

 #else

     if (getenv("TZ"))

       saved_tz_ = strdup(getenv("TZ"));

 #endif

     // Set up the time zone for FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601 to use.  We

     // cannot use the local time zone because the function's output depends

     // on the time zone.

     SetTimeZone("UTC+00");

   }

   virtual void TearDown() {

     SetTimeZone(saved_tz_);

     free(const_cast<char*>(saved_tz_));

     saved_tz_ = NULL;

   }

   static void SetTimeZone(const char* time_zone) {

     // tzset() distinguishes between the TZ variable being present and empty

     // and not being present, so we have to consider the case of time_zone

     // being NULL.

 #if _MSC_VER

     // ...Unless it's MSVC, whose standard library's _putenv doesn't

     // distinguish between an empty and a missing variable.

     const std::string env_var =

         std::string("TZ=") + (time_zone ? time_zone : "");

     _putenv(env_var.c_str());

 # pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.

 # pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996

                                 // (function is deprecated).

     tzset();

 # pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state again.

 #else

     if (time_zone) {

       setenv(("TZ"), time_zone, 1);

     } else {

       unsetenv("TZ");

     }

     tzset();

 #endif

   }

   const char* saved_tz_;

 };

 const TimeInMillis FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test::kMillisPerSec;

 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsTwoDigitSegments) {

   EXPECT_EQ("2011-10-31T18:52:42",

             FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1320087162 * kMillisPerSec));

 }

 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, MillisecondsDoNotAffectResult) {

   EXPECT_EQ(

       "2011-10-31T18:52:42",

       FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1320087162 * kMillisPerSec + 234));

 }

 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsLeadingZeroes) {

   EXPECT_EQ("2011-09-03T05:07:02",

             FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1315026422 * kMillisPerSec));

 }

 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, Prints24HourTime) {

   EXPECT_EQ("2011-09-28T17:08:22",

             FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(1317229702 * kMillisPerSec));

 }

 TEST_F(FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601Test, PrintsEpochStart) {

   EXPECT_EQ("1970-01-01T00:00:00", FormatEpochTimeInMillisAsIso8601(0));

 }

 #if GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL

 # ifdef __BORLANDC__

 // Silences warnings: "Condition is always true", "Unreachable code"

 #  pragma option push -w-ccc -w-rch

 # endif

 // Tests that GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) is true when x is a null

 // pointer literal.

 TEST(NullLiteralTest, IsTrueForNullLiterals) {

   EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(NULL));

   EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0));

   EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0U));

   EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0L));

 # ifndef __BORLANDC__

   // Some compilers may fail to detect some null pointer literals;

   // as long as users of the framework don't use such literals, this

   // is harmless.

   EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(1 - 1));

 # endif

 }

 // Tests that GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(x) is false when x is not a null

 // pointer literal.

 TEST(NullLiteralTest, IsFalseForNonNullLiterals) {

   EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(1));

   EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(0.0));

   EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_('a'));

   EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_IS_NULL_LITERAL_(static_cast<void*>(NULL)));

 }

 # ifdef __BORLANDC__

 // Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them.

 #  pragma option pop

 # endif

 #endif  // GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL

 //

 // Tests CodePointToUtf8().

 // Tests that the NUL character L'\0' is encoded correctly.

 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeNul) {

   char buffer[32];

   EXPECT_STREQ("", CodePointToUtf8(L'\0', buffer));

 }

 // Tests that ASCII characters are encoded correctly.

 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeAscii) {

   char buffer[32];

   EXPECT_STREQ("a", CodePointToUtf8(L'a', buffer));

   EXPECT_STREQ("Z", CodePointToUtf8(L'Z', buffer));

   EXPECT_STREQ("&", CodePointToUtf8(L'&', buffer));

   EXPECT_STREQ("\x7F", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x7F', buffer));

 }

 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 8 to 11 bits are encoded

 // as 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx.

 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode8To11Bits) {

   char buffer[32];

   // 000 1101 0011 => 110-00011 10-010011

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xC3\x93", CodePointToUtf8(L'\xD3', buffer));

   // 101 0111 0110 => 110-10101 10-110110

   // Some compilers (e.g., GCC on MinGW) cannot handle non-ASCII codepoints

   // in wide strings and wide chars. In order to accomodate them, we have to

   // introduce such character constants as integers.

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xD5\xB6",

                CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576), buffer));

 }

 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 12 to 16 bits are encoded

 // as 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.

 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode12To16Bits) {

   char buffer[32];

   // 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 1110-0000 10-100011 10-010011

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xE0\xA3\x93",

                CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x8D3), buffer));

   // 1100 0111 0100 1101 => 1110-1100 10-011101 10-001101

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D",

                CodePointToUtf8(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D), buffer));

 }

 #if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_

 // Tests in this group require a wchar_t to hold > 16 bits, and thus

 // are skipped on Windows, Cygwin, and Symbian, where a wchar_t is

 // 16-bit wide. This code may not compile on those systems.

 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 17 to 21 bits are encoded

 // as 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.

 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncode17To21Bits) {

   char buffer[32];

   // 0 0001 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-100011 10-010011

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x108D3', buffer));

   // 0 0001 0000 0100 0000 0000 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-010000 10-000000

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\x90\x80", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x10400', buffer));

   // 1 0000 1000 0110 0011 0100 => 11110-100 10-001000 10-011000 10-110100

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", CodePointToUtf8(L'\x108634', buffer));

 }

 // Tests that encoding an invalid code-point generates the expected result.

 TEST(CodePointToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidCodePoint) {

   char buffer[32];

   EXPECT_STREQ("(Invalid Unicode 0x1234ABCD)",

                CodePointToUtf8(L'\x1234ABCD', buffer));

 }

 #endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_

 // Tests WideStringToUtf8().

 // Tests that the NUL character L'\0' is encoded correctly.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeNul) {

   EXPECT_STREQ("", WideStringToUtf8(L"", 0).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("", WideStringToUtf8(L"", -1).c_str());

 }

 // Tests that ASCII strings are encoded correctly.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeAscii) {

   EXPECT_STREQ("a", WideStringToUtf8(L"a", 1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("ab", WideStringToUtf8(L"ab", 2).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("a", WideStringToUtf8(L"a", -1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("ab", WideStringToUtf8(L"ab", -1).c_str());

 }

 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 8 to 11 bits are encoded

 // as 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode8To11Bits) {

   // 000 1101 0011 => 110-00011 10-010011

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xC3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\xD3", 1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xC3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\xD3", -1).c_str());

   // 101 0111 0110 => 110-10101 10-110110

   const wchar_t s[] = { 0x576, '\0' };

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xD5\xB6", WideStringToUtf8(s, 1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xD5\xB6", WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());

 }

 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 12 to 16 bits are encoded

 // as 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode12To16Bits) {

   // 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 1110-0000 10-100011 10-010011

   const wchar_t s1[] = { 0x8D3, '\0' };

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xE0\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(s1, 1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xE0\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(s1, -1).c_str());

   // 1100 0111 0100 1101 => 1110-1100 10-011101 10-001101

   const wchar_t s2[] = { 0xC74D, '\0' };

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D", WideStringToUtf8(s2, 1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xEC\x9D\x8D", WideStringToUtf8(s2, -1).c_str());

 }

 // Tests that the conversion stops when the function encounters \0 character.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, StopsOnNulCharacter) {

   EXPECT_STREQ("ABC", WideStringToUtf8(L"ABC\0XYZ", 100).c_str());

 }

 // Tests that the conversion stops when the function reaches the limit

 // specified by the 'length' parameter.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, StopsWhenLengthLimitReached) {

   EXPECT_STREQ("ABC", WideStringToUtf8(L"ABCDEF", 3).c_str());

 }

 #if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_

 // Tests that Unicode code-points that have 17 to 21 bits are encoded

 // as 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx. This code may not compile

 // on the systems using UTF-16 encoding.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncode17To21Bits) {

   // 0 0001 0000 1000 1101 0011 => 11110-000 10-010000 10-100011 10-010011

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108D3", 1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\xA3\x93", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108D3", -1).c_str());

   // 1 0000 1000 0110 0011 0100 => 11110-100 10-001000 10-011000 10-110100

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108634", 1).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF4\x88\x98\xB4", WideStringToUtf8(L"\x108634", -1).c_str());

 }

 // Tests that encoding an invalid code-point generates the expected result.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidCodePoint) {

   EXPECT_STREQ("(Invalid Unicode 0xABCDFF)",

                WideStringToUtf8(L"\xABCDFF", -1).c_str());

 }

 #else  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_

 // Tests that surrogate pairs are encoded correctly on the systems using

 // UTF-16 encoding in the wide strings.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeValidUtf16SUrrogatePairs) {

   const wchar_t s[] = { 0xD801, 0xDC00, '\0' };

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xF0\x90\x90\x80", WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());

 }

 // Tests that encoding an invalid UTF-16 surrogate pair

 // generates the expected result.

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, CanEncodeInvalidUtf16SurrogatePair) {

   // Leading surrogate is at the end of the string.

   const wchar_t s1[] = { 0xD800, '\0' };

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xA0\x80", WideStringToUtf8(s1, -1).c_str());

   // Leading surrogate is not followed by the trailing surrogate.

   const wchar_t s2[] = { 0xD800, 'M', '\0' };

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xA0\x80M", WideStringToUtf8(s2, -1).c_str());

   // Trailing surrogate appearas without a leading surrogate.

   const wchar_t s3[] = { 0xDC00, 'P', 'Q', 'R', '\0' };

   EXPECT_STREQ("\xED\xB0\x80PQR", WideStringToUtf8(s3, -1).c_str());

 }

 #endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_

 // Tests that codepoint concatenation works correctly.

 #if !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, ConcatenatesCodepointsCorrectly) {

   const wchar_t s[] = { 0x108634, 0xC74D, '\n', 0x576, 0x8D3, 0x108634, '\0'};

   EXPECT_STREQ(

       "\xF4\x88\x98\xB4"

           "\xEC\x9D\x8D"

           "\n"

           "\xD5\xB6"

           "\xE0\xA3\x93"

           "\xF4\x88\x98\xB4",

       WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());

 }

 #else

 TEST(WideStringToUtf8Test, ConcatenatesCodepointsCorrectly) {

   const wchar_t s[] = { 0xC74D, '\n', 0x576, 0x8D3, '\0'};

   EXPECT_STREQ(

       "\xEC\x9D\x8D" "\n" "\xD5\xB6" "\xE0\xA3\x93",

       WideStringToUtf8(s, -1).c_str());

 }

 #endif  // !GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_

 // Tests the Random class.

 TEST(RandomDeathTest, GeneratesCrashesOnInvalidRange) {

   testing::internal::Random random(42);

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       random.Generate(0),

       "Cannot generate a number in the range \\[0, 0\\)");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       random.Generate(testing::internal::Random::kMaxRange + 1),

       "Generation of a number in \\[0, 2147483649\\) was requested, "

       "but this can only generate numbers in \\[0, 2147483648\\)");

 }

 TEST(RandomTest, GeneratesNumbersWithinRange) {

   const UInt32 kRange = 10000;

   testing::internal::Random random(12345);

   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

     EXPECT_LT(random.Generate(kRange), kRange) << " for iteration " << i;

   }

   testing::internal::Random random2(testing::internal::Random::kMaxRange);

   for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

     EXPECT_LT(random2.Generate(kRange), kRange) << " for iteration " << i;

   }

 }

 TEST(RandomTest, RepeatsWhenReseeded) {

   const int kSeed = 123;

   const int kArraySize = 10;

   const UInt32 kRange = 10000;

   UInt32 values[kArraySize];

   testing::internal::Random random(kSeed);

   for (int i = 0; i < kArraySize; i++) {

     values[i] = random.Generate(kRange);

   }

   random.Reseed(kSeed);

   for (int i = 0; i < kArraySize; i++) {

     EXPECT_EQ(values[i], random.Generate(kRange)) << " for iteration " << i;

   }

 }

 // Tests STL container utilities.

 // Tests CountIf().

 static bool IsPositive(int n) { return n > 0; }

 TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, CountIf) {

   std::vector<int> v;

   EXPECT_EQ(0, CountIf(v, IsPositive));  // Works for an empty container.

   v.push_back(-1);

   v.push_back(0);

   EXPECT_EQ(0, CountIf(v, IsPositive));  // Works when no value satisfies.

   v.push_back(2);

   v.push_back(-10);

   v.push_back(10);

   EXPECT_EQ(2, CountIf(v, IsPositive));

 }

 // Tests ForEach().

 static int g_sum = 0;

 static void Accumulate(int n) { g_sum += n; }

 TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, ForEach) {

   std::vector<int> v;

   g_sum = 0;

   ForEach(v, Accumulate);

   EXPECT_EQ(0, g_sum);  // Works for an empty container;

   g_sum = 0;

   v.push_back(1);

   ForEach(v, Accumulate);

   EXPECT_EQ(1, g_sum);  // Works for a container with one element.

   g_sum = 0;

   v.push_back(20);

   v.push_back(300);

   ForEach(v, Accumulate);

   EXPECT_EQ(321, g_sum);

 }

 // Tests GetElementOr().

 TEST(ContainerUtilityTest, GetElementOr) {

   std::vector<char> a;

   EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, 0, 'x'));

   a.push_back('a');

   a.push_back('b');

   EXPECT_EQ('a', GetElementOr(a, 0, 'x'));

   EXPECT_EQ('b', GetElementOr(a, 1, 'x'));

   EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, -2, 'x'));

   EXPECT_EQ('x', GetElementOr(a, 2, 'x'));

 }

 TEST(ContainerUtilityDeathTest, ShuffleRange) {

   std::vector<int> a;

   a.push_back(0);

   a.push_back(1);

   a.push_back(2);

   testing::internal::Random random(1);

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       ShuffleRange(&random, -1, 1, &a),

       "Invalid shuffle range start -1: must be in range \\[0, 3\\]");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       ShuffleRange(&random, 4, 4, &a),

       "Invalid shuffle range start 4: must be in range \\[0, 3\\]");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       ShuffleRange(&random, 3, 2, &a),

       "Invalid shuffle range finish 2: must be in range \\[3, 3\\]");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       ShuffleRange(&random, 3, 4, &a),

       "Invalid shuffle range finish 4: must be in range \\[3, 3\\]");

 }

 class VectorShuffleTest : public Test {

  protected:

   static const int kVectorSize = 20;

   VectorShuffleTest() : random_(1) {

     for (int i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {

       vector_.push_back(i);

     }

   }

   static bool VectorIsCorrupt(const TestingVector& vector) {

     if (kVectorSize != static_cast<int>(vector.size())) {

       return true;

     }

     bool found_in_vector[kVectorSize] = { false };

     for (size_t i = 0; i < vector.size(); i++) {

       const int e = vector[i];

       if (e < 0 || e >= kVectorSize || found_in_vector[e]) {

         return true;

       }

       found_in_vector[e] = true;

     }

     // Vector size is correct, elements' range is correct, no

     // duplicate elements.  Therefore no corruption has occurred.

     return false;

   }

   static bool VectorIsNotCorrupt(const TestingVector& vector) {

     return !VectorIsCorrupt(vector);

   }

   static bool RangeIsShuffled(const TestingVector& vector, int begin, int end) {

     for (int i = begin; i < end; i++) {

       if (i != vector[i]) {

         return true;

       }

     }

     return false;

   }

   static bool RangeIsUnshuffled(

       const TestingVector& vector, int begin, int end) {

     return !RangeIsShuffled(vector, begin, end);

   }

   static bool VectorIsShuffled(const TestingVector& vector) {

     return RangeIsShuffled(vector, 0, static_cast<int>(vector.size()));

   }

   static bool VectorIsUnshuffled(const TestingVector& vector) {

     return !VectorIsShuffled(vector);

   }

   testing::internal::Random random_;

   TestingVector vector_;

 };  // class VectorShuffleTest

 const int VectorShuffleTest::kVectorSize;

 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, HandlesEmptyRange) {

   // Tests an empty range at the beginning...

   ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, 0, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);

   // ...in the middle...

   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize/2, kVectorSize/2, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);

   // ...at the end...

   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize - 1, kVectorSize - 1, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);

   // ...and past the end.

   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize, kVectorSize, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);

 }

 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, HandlesRangeOfSizeOne) {

   // Tests a size one range at the beginning...

   ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, 1, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);

   // ...in the middle...

   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize/2, kVectorSize/2 + 1, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);

   // ...and at the end.

   ShuffleRange(&random_, kVectorSize - 1, kVectorSize, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsUnshuffled, vector_);

 }

 // Because we use our own random number generator and a fixed seed,

 // we can guarantee that the following "random" tests will succeed.

 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesEntireVector) {

   Shuffle(&random_, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   EXPECT_FALSE(VectorIsUnshuffled(vector_)) << vector_;

   // Tests the first and last elements in particular to ensure that

   // there are no off-by-one problems in our shuffle algorithm.

   EXPECT_NE(0, vector_[0]);

   EXPECT_NE(kVectorSize - 1, vector_[kVectorSize - 1]);

 }

 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesStartOfVector) {

   const int kRangeSize = kVectorSize/2;

   ShuffleRange(&random_, 0, kRangeSize, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);

   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, kRangeSize, kVectorSize);

 }

 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesEndOfVector) {

   const int kRangeSize = kVectorSize / 2;

   ShuffleRange(&random_, kRangeSize, kVectorSize, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);

   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, kRangeSize, kVectorSize);

 }

 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesMiddleOfVector) {

   int kRangeSize = kVectorSize/3;

   ShuffleRange(&random_, kRangeSize, 2*kRangeSize, &vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 0, kRangeSize);

   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsShuffled, vector_, kRangeSize, 2*kRangeSize);

   EXPECT_PRED3(RangeIsUnshuffled, vector_, 2*kRangeSize, kVectorSize);

 }

 TEST_F(VectorShuffleTest, ShufflesRepeatably) {

   TestingVector vector2;

   for (int i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {

     vector2.push_back(i);

   }

   random_.Reseed(1234);

   Shuffle(&random_, &vector_);

   random_.Reseed(1234);

   Shuffle(&random_, &vector2);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector_);

   ASSERT_PRED1(VectorIsNotCorrupt, vector2);

   for (int i = 0; i < kVectorSize; i++) {

     EXPECT_EQ(vector_[i], vector2[i]) << " where i is " << i;

   }

 }

 // Tests the size of the AssertHelper class.

 TEST(AssertHelperTest, AssertHelperIsSmall) {

   // To avoid breaking clients that use lots of assertions in one

   // function, we cannot grow the size of AssertHelper.

   EXPECT_LE(sizeof(testing::internal::AssertHelper), sizeof(void*));

 }

 // Tests the String class.

 // Tests String's constructors.

 TEST(StringTest, Constructors) {

   // Default ctor.

   String s1;

   // We aren't using EXPECT_EQ(NULL, s1.c_str()) because comparing

   // pointers with NULL isn't supported on all platforms.

   EXPECT_EQ(0U, s1.length());

   EXPECT_TRUE(NULL == s1.c_str());

   // Implicitly constructs from a C-string.

   String s2 = "Hi";

   EXPECT_EQ(2U, s2.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("Hi", s2.c_str());

   // Constructs from a C-string and a length.

   String s3("hello", 3);

   EXPECT_EQ(3U, s3.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("hel", s3.c_str());

   // The empty String should be created when String is constructed with

   // a NULL pointer and length 0.

   EXPECT_EQ(0U, String(NULL, 0).length());

   EXPECT_FALSE(String(NULL, 0).c_str() == NULL);

   // Constructs a String that contains '\0'.

   String s4("a\0bcd", 4);

   EXPECT_EQ(4U, s4.length());

   EXPECT_EQ('a', s4.c_str()[0]);

   EXPECT_EQ('\0', s4.c_str()[1]);

   EXPECT_EQ('b', s4.c_str()[2]);

   EXPECT_EQ('c', s4.c_str()[3]);

   // Copy ctor where the source is NULL.

   const String null_str;

   String s5 = null_str;

   EXPECT_TRUE(s5.c_str() == NULL);

   // Copy ctor where the source isn't NULL.

   String s6 = s3;

   EXPECT_EQ(3U, s6.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("hel", s6.c_str());

   // Copy ctor where the source contains '\0'.

   String s7 = s4;

   EXPECT_EQ(4U, s7.length());

   EXPECT_EQ('a', s7.c_str()[0]);

   EXPECT_EQ('\0', s7.c_str()[1]);

   EXPECT_EQ('b', s7.c_str()[2]);

   EXPECT_EQ('c', s7.c_str()[3]);

 }

 TEST(StringTest, ConvertsFromStdString) {

   // An empty std::string.

   const std::string src1("");

   const String dest1 = src1;

   EXPECT_EQ(0U, dest1.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("", dest1.c_str());

   // A normal std::string.

   const std::string src2("Hi");

   const String dest2 = src2;

   EXPECT_EQ(2U, dest2.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("Hi", dest2.c_str());

   // An std::string with an embedded NUL character.

   const char src3[] = "a\0b";

   const String dest3 = std::string(src3, sizeof(src3));

   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(src3), dest3.length());

   EXPECT_EQ('a', dest3.c_str()[0]);

   EXPECT_EQ('\0', dest3.c_str()[1]);

   EXPECT_EQ('b', dest3.c_str()[2]);

 }

 TEST(StringTest, ConvertsToStdString) {

   // An empty String.

   const String src1("");

   const std::string dest1 = src1;

   EXPECT_EQ("", dest1);

   // A normal String.

   const String src2("Hi");

   const std::string dest2 = src2;

   EXPECT_EQ("Hi", dest2);

   // A String containing a '\0'.

   const String src3("x\0y", 3);

   const std::string dest3 = src3;

   EXPECT_EQ(std::string("x\0y", 3), dest3);

 }

 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

 TEST(StringTest, ConvertsFromGlobalString) {

   // An empty ::string.

   const ::string src1("");

   const String dest1 = src1;

   EXPECT_EQ(0U, dest1.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("", dest1.c_str());

   // A normal ::string.

   const ::string src2("Hi");

   const String dest2 = src2;

   EXPECT_EQ(2U, dest2.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("Hi", dest2.c_str());

   // An ::string with an embedded NUL character.

   const char src3[] = "x\0y";

   const String dest3 = ::string(src3, sizeof(src3));

   EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(src3), dest3.length());

   EXPECT_EQ('x', dest3.c_str()[0]);

   EXPECT_EQ('\0', dest3.c_str()[1]);

   EXPECT_EQ('y', dest3.c_str()[2]);

 }

 TEST(StringTest, ConvertsToGlobalString) {

   // An empty String.

   const String src1("");

   const ::string dest1 = src1;

   EXPECT_EQ("", dest1);

   // A normal String.

   const String src2("Hi");

   const ::string dest2 = src2;

   EXPECT_EQ("Hi", dest2);

   const String src3("x\0y", 3);

   const ::string dest3 = src3;

   EXPECT_EQ(::string("x\0y", 3), dest3);

 }

 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

 // Tests String::empty().

 TEST(StringTest, Empty) {

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("").empty());

   EXPECT_FALSE(String().empty());

   EXPECT_FALSE(String(NULL).empty());

   EXPECT_FALSE(String("a").empty());

   EXPECT_FALSE(String("\0", 1).empty());

 }

 // Tests String::Compare().

 TEST(StringTest, Compare) {

   // NULL vs NULL.

   EXPECT_EQ(0, String().Compare(String()));

   // NULL vs non-NULL.

   EXPECT_EQ(-1, String().Compare(String("")));

   // Non-NULL vs NULL.

   EXPECT_EQ(1, String("").Compare(String()));

   // The following covers non-NULL vs non-NULL.

   // "" vs "".

   EXPECT_EQ(0, String("").Compare(String("")));

   // "" vs non-"".

   EXPECT_EQ(-1, String("").Compare(String("\0", 1)));

   EXPECT_EQ(-1, String("").Compare(" "));

   // Non-"" vs "".

   EXPECT_EQ(1, String("a").Compare(String("")));

   // The following covers non-"" vs non-"".

   // Same length and equal.

   EXPECT_EQ(0, String("a").Compare(String("a")));

   // Same length and different.

   EXPECT_EQ(-1, String("a\0b", 3).Compare(String("a\0c", 3)));

   EXPECT_EQ(1, String("b").Compare(String("a")));

   // Different lengths.

   EXPECT_EQ(-1, String("a").Compare(String("ab")));

   EXPECT_EQ(-1, String("a").Compare(String("a\0", 2)));

   EXPECT_EQ(1, String("abc").Compare(String("aacd")));

 }

 // Tests String::operator==().

 TEST(StringTest, Equals) {

   const String null(NULL);

   EXPECT_TRUE(null == NULL);  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_FALSE(null == "");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_FALSE(null == "bar");  // NOLINT

   const String empty("");

   EXPECT_FALSE(empty == NULL);  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_TRUE(empty == "");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_FALSE(empty == "bar");  // NOLINT

   const String foo("foo");

   EXPECT_FALSE(foo == NULL);  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_FALSE(foo == "");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_FALSE(foo == "bar");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_TRUE(foo == "foo");  // NOLINT

   const String bar("x\0y", 3);

   EXPECT_NE(bar, "x");

 }

 // Tests String::operator!=().

 TEST(StringTest, NotEquals) {

   const String null(NULL);

   EXPECT_FALSE(null != NULL);  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_TRUE(null != "");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_TRUE(null != "bar");  // NOLINT

   const String empty("");

   EXPECT_TRUE(empty != NULL);  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_FALSE(empty != "");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_TRUE(empty != "bar");  // NOLINT

   const String foo("foo");

   EXPECT_TRUE(foo != NULL);  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_TRUE(foo != "");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_TRUE(foo != "bar");  // NOLINT

   EXPECT_FALSE(foo != "foo");  // NOLINT

   const String bar("x\0y", 3);

   EXPECT_NE(bar, "x");

 }

 // Tests String::length().

 TEST(StringTest, Length) {

   EXPECT_EQ(0U, String().length());

   EXPECT_EQ(0U, String("").length());

   EXPECT_EQ(2U, String("ab").length());

   EXPECT_EQ(3U, String("a\0b", 3).length());

 }

 // Tests String::EndsWith().

 TEST(StringTest, EndsWith) {

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("foobar").EndsWith("bar"));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("foobar").EndsWith(""));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("").EndsWith(""));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String("foobar").EndsWith("foo"));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String("").EndsWith("foo"));

 }

 // Tests String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive().

 TEST(StringTest, EndsWithCaseInsensitive) {

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("foobar").EndsWithCaseInsensitive("BAR"));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("foobaR").EndsWithCaseInsensitive("bar"));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("foobar").EndsWithCaseInsensitive(""));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String("").EndsWithCaseInsensitive(""));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String("Foobar").EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foo"));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String("foobar").EndsWithCaseInsensitive("Foo"));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String("").EndsWithCaseInsensitive("foo"));

 }

 // C++Builder's preprocessor is buggy; it fails to expand macros that

 // appear in macro parameters after wide char literals.  Provide an alias

 // for NULL as a workaround.

 static const wchar_t* const kNull = NULL;

 // Tests String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals

 TEST(StringTest, CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals) {

   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(NULL, NULL));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(kNull, L""));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"", kNull));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(kNull, L"foobar"));

   EXPECT_FALSE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", kNull));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", L"foobar"));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"foobar", L"FOOBAR"));

   EXPECT_TRUE(String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(L"FOOBAR", L"foobar"));

 }

 // Tests that NULL can be assigned to a String.

 TEST(StringTest, CanBeAssignedNULL) {

   const String src(NULL);

   String dest;

   dest = src;

   EXPECT_STREQ(NULL, dest.c_str());

 }

 // Tests that the empty string "" can be assigned to a String.

 TEST(StringTest, CanBeAssignedEmpty) {

   const String src("");

   String dest;

   dest = src;

   EXPECT_STREQ("", dest.c_str());

 }

 // Tests that a non-empty string can be assigned to a String.

 TEST(StringTest, CanBeAssignedNonEmpty) {

   const String src("hello");

   String dest;

   dest = src;

   EXPECT_EQ(5U, dest.length());

   EXPECT_STREQ("hello", dest.c_str());

   const String src2("x\0y", 3);

   String dest2;

   dest2 = src2;

   EXPECT_EQ(3U, dest2.length());

   EXPECT_EQ('x', dest2.c_str()[0]);

   EXPECT_EQ('\0', dest2.c_str()[1]);

   EXPECT_EQ('y', dest2.c_str()[2]);

 }

 // Tests that a String can be assigned to itself.

 TEST(StringTest, CanBeAssignedSelf) {

   String dest("hello");

   // Use explicit function call notation here to suppress self-assign warning.

   dest.operator=(dest);

   EXPECT_STREQ("hello", dest.c_str());

 }

 // Sun Studio < 12 incorrectly rejects this code due to an overloading

 // ambiguity.

 #if !(defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x590)

 // Tests streaming a String.

 TEST(StringTest, Streams) {

   EXPECT_EQ(StreamableToString(String()), "(null)");

   EXPECT_EQ(StreamableToString(String("")), "");

   EXPECT_EQ(StreamableToString(String("a\0b", 3)), "a\\0b");

 }

 #endif

 // Tests that String::Format() works.

 TEST(StringTest, FormatWorks) {

   // Normal case: the format spec is valid, the arguments match the

   // spec, and the result is < 4095 characters.

   EXPECT_STREQ("Hello, 42", String::Format("%s, %d", "Hello", 42).c_str());

   // Edge case: the result is 4095 characters.

   char buffer[4096];

   const size_t kSize = sizeof(buffer);

   memset(buffer, 'a', kSize - 1);

   buffer[kSize - 1] = '\0';

   EXPECT_STREQ(buffer, String::Format("%s", buffer).c_str());

   // The result needs to be 4096 characters, exceeding Format()'s limit.

   EXPECT_STREQ("<formatting error or buffer exceeded>",

                String::Format("x%s", buffer).c_str());

 #if GTEST_OS_LINUX

   // On Linux, invalid format spec should lead to an error message.

   // In other environment (e.g. MSVC on Windows), String::Format() may

   // simply ignore a bad format spec, so this assertion is run on

   // Linux only.

   EXPECT_STREQ("<formatting error or buffer exceeded>",

                String::Format("%").c_str());

 #endif

 }

 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

 // Tests String::ShowWideCString().

 TEST(StringTest, ShowWideCString) {

   EXPECT_STREQ("(null)",

                String::ShowWideCString(NULL).c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("", String::ShowWideCString(L"").c_str());

   EXPECT_STREQ("foo", String::ShowWideCString(L"foo").c_str());

 }

 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16Null) {

   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::AnsiToUtf16(NULL));

   EXPECT_EQ(NULL, String::Utf16ToAnsi(NULL));

 }

 TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16ConvertBasic) {

   const char* ansi = String::Utf16ToAnsi(L"str");

   EXPECT_STREQ("str", ansi);

   delete [] ansi;

   const WCHAR* utf16 = String::AnsiToUtf16("str");

   EXPECT_EQ(0, wcsncmp(L"str", utf16, 3));

   delete [] utf16;

 }

 TEST(StringTest, AnsiAndUtf16ConvertPathChars) {

   const char* ansi = String::Utf16ToAnsi(L".:\\ \"*?");

   EXPECT_STREQ(".:\\ \"*?", ansi);

   delete [] ansi;

   const WCHAR* utf16 = String::AnsiToUtf16(".:\\ \"*?");

   EXPECT_EQ(0, wcsncmp(L".:\\ \"*?", utf16, 3));

   delete [] utf16;

 }

 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

 // Tests TestProperty construction.

 TEST(TestPropertyTest, StringValue) {

   TestProperty property("key", "1");

   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("1", property.value());

 }

 // Tests TestProperty replacing a value.

 TEST(TestPropertyTest, ReplaceStringValue) {

   TestProperty property("key", "1");

   EXPECT_STREQ("1", property.value());

   property.SetValue("2");

   EXPECT_STREQ("2", property.value());

 }

 // AddFatalFailure() and AddNonfatalFailure() must be stand-alone

 // functions (i.e. their definitions cannot be inlined at the call

 // sites), or C++Builder won't compile the code.

 static void AddFatalFailure() {

   FAIL() << "Expected fatal failure.";

 }

 static void AddNonfatalFailure() {

   ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected non-fatal failure.";

 }

 class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest : public Test {

  public:  // Must be public and not protected due to a bug in g++ 3.4.2.

   enum FailureMode {

     FATAL_FAILURE,

     NONFATAL_FAILURE

   };

   static void AddFailure(FailureMode failure) {

     if (failure == FATAL_FAILURE) {

       AddFatalFailure();

     } else {

       AddNonfatalFailure();

     }

   }

 };

 // Tests that ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter intercepts test

 // failures.

 TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, InterceptsTestFailures) {

   TestPartResultArray results;

   {

     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(

         ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,

         &results);

     AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);

     AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE);

   }

   EXPECT_EQ(2, results.size());

   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(0).nonfatally_failed());

   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(1).fatally_failed());

 }

 TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, DeprecatedConstructor) {

   TestPartResultArray results;

   {

     // Tests, that the deprecated constructor still works.

     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(&results);

     AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);

   }

   EXPECT_EQ(1, results.size());

 }

 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE

 class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest

   : public ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest {

  protected:

   static void AddFailureInOtherThread(FailureMode failure) {

     ThreadWithParam<FailureMode> thread(&AddFailure, failure, NULL);

     thread.Join();

   }

 };

 TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest,

        InterceptsTestFailuresInAllThreads) {

   TestPartResultArray results;

   {

     ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter reporter(

         ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, &results);

     AddFailure(NONFATAL_FAILURE);

     AddFailure(FATAL_FAILURE);

     AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE);

     AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE);

   }

   EXPECT_EQ(4, results.size());

   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(0).nonfatally_failed());

   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(1).fatally_failed());

   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(2).nonfatally_failed());

   EXPECT_TRUE(results.GetTestPartResult(3).fatally_failed());

 }

 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE

 // Tests EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE{,ON_ALL_THREADS}.  Makes sure that they

 // work even if the failure is generated in a called function rather than

 // the current context.

 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest ExpectFatalFailureTest;

 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CatchesFatalFaliure) {

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(), "Expected fatal failure.");

 }

 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsStringObject) {

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(), ::string("Expected fatal failure."));

 }

 #endif

 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsStdStringObject) {

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(AddFatalFailure(),

                        ::std::string("Expected fatal failure."));

 }

 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CatchesFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {

   // We have another test below to verify that the macro catches fatal

   // failures generated on another thread.

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFatalFailure(),

                                       "Expected fatal failure.");

 }

 #ifdef __BORLANDC__

 // Silences warnings: "Condition is always true"

 # pragma option push -w-ccc

 #endif

 // Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() can be used in a non-void

 // function even when the statement in it contains ASSERT_*.

 int NonVoidFunction() {

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false), "");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(FAIL(), "");

   return 0;

 }

 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, CanBeUsedInNonVoidFunction) {

   NonVoidFunction();

 }

 // Tests that EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(statement, ...) doesn't abort the

 // current function even though 'statement' generates a fatal failure.

 void DoesNotAbortHelper(bool* aborted) {

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_TRUE(false), "");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(FAIL(), "");

   *aborted = false;

 }

 #ifdef __BORLANDC__

 // Restores warnings after previous "#pragma option push" suppressed them.

 # pragma option pop

 #endif

 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, DoesNotAbort) {

   bool aborted = true;

   DoesNotAbortHelper(&aborted);

   EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);

 }

 // Tests that the EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE{,_ON_ALL_THREADS} accepts a

 // statement that contains a macro which expands to code containing an

 // unprotected comma.

 static int global_var = 0;

 #define GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_ global_var++, global_var++

 TEST_F(ExpectFatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {

 #ifndef __BORLANDC__

   // ICE's in C++Builder.

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({

     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;

     AddFatalFailure();

   }, "");

 #endif

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS({

     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;

     AddFatalFailure();

   }, "");

 }

 // Tests EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE{,ON_ALL_THREADS}.

 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest ExpectNonfatalFailureTest;

 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CatchesNonfatalFailure) {

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),

                           "Expected non-fatal failure.");

 }

 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING

 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsStringObject) {

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),

                           ::string("Expected non-fatal failure."));

 }

 #endif

 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsStdStringObject) {

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(AddNonfatalFailure(),

                           ::std::string("Expected non-fatal failure."));

 }

 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, CatchesNonfatalFailureOnAllThreads) {

   // We have another test below to verify that the macro catches

   // non-fatal failures generated on another thread.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddNonfatalFailure(),

                                          "Expected non-fatal failure.");

 }

 // Tests that the EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE{,_ON_ALL_THREADS} accepts a

 // statement that contains a macro which expands to code containing an

 // unprotected comma.

 TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({

     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;

     AddNonfatalFailure();

   }, "");

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS({

     GTEST_USE_UNPROTECTED_COMMA_;

     AddNonfatalFailure();

   }, "");

 }

 #if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE

 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest

     ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest;

 TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(AddFailureInOtherThread(FATAL_FAILURE),

                                       "Expected fatal failure.");

 }

 TEST_F(ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest, ExpectNonFatalFailureOnAllThreads) {

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(

       AddFailureInOtherThread(NONFATAL_FAILURE), "Expected non-fatal failure.");

 }

 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE

 // Tests the TestProperty class.

 TEST(TestPropertyTest, ConstructorWorks) {

   const TestProperty property("key", "value");

   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("value", property.value());

 }

 TEST(TestPropertyTest, SetValue) {

   TestProperty property("key", "value_1");

   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());

   property.SetValue("value_2");

   EXPECT_STREQ("key", property.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("value_2", property.value());

 }

 // Tests the TestResult class

 // The test fixture for testing TestResult.

 class TestResultTest : public Test {

  protected:

   typedef std::vector<TestPartResult> TPRVector;

   // We make use of 2 TestPartResult objects,

   TestPartResult * pr1, * pr2;

   // ... and 3 TestResult objects.

   TestResult * r0, * r1, * r2;

   virtual void SetUp() {

     // pr1 is for success.

     pr1 = new TestPartResult(TestPartResult::kSuccess,

                              "foo/bar.cc",

                              10,

                              "Success!");

     // pr2 is for fatal failure.

     pr2 = new TestPartResult(TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,

                              "foo/bar.cc",

                              -1,  // This line number means "unknown"

                              "Failure!");

     // Creates the TestResult objects.

     r0 = new TestResult();

     r1 = new TestResult();

     r2 = new TestResult();

     // In order to test TestResult, we need to modify its internal

     // state, in particular the TestPartResult vector it holds.

     // test_part_results() returns a const reference to this vector.

     // We cast it to a non-const object s.t. it can be modified (yes,

     // this is a hack).

     TPRVector* results1 = const_cast<TPRVector*>(

         &TestResultAccessor::test_part_results(*r1));

     TPRVector* results2 = const_cast<TPRVector*>(

         &TestResultAccessor::test_part_results(*r2));

     // r0 is an empty TestResult.

     // r1 contains a single SUCCESS TestPartResult.

     results1->push_back(*pr1);

     // r2 contains a SUCCESS, and a FAILURE.

     results2->push_back(*pr1);

     results2->push_back(*pr2);

   }

   virtual void TearDown() {

     delete pr1;

     delete pr2;

     delete r0;

     delete r1;

     delete r2;

   }

   // Helper that compares two two TestPartResults.

   static void CompareTestPartResult(const TestPartResult& expected,

                                     const TestPartResult& actual) {

     EXPECT_EQ(expected.type(), actual.type());

     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.file_name(), actual.file_name());

     EXPECT_EQ(expected.line_number(), actual.line_number());

     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.summary(), actual.summary());

     EXPECT_STREQ(expected.message(), actual.message());

     EXPECT_EQ(expected.passed(), actual.passed());

     EXPECT_EQ(expected.failed(), actual.failed());

     EXPECT_EQ(expected.nonfatally_failed(), actual.nonfatally_failed());

     EXPECT_EQ(expected.fatally_failed(), actual.fatally_failed());

   }

 };

 // Tests TestResult::total_part_count().

 TEST_F(TestResultTest, total_part_count) {

   ASSERT_EQ(0, r0->total_part_count());

   ASSERT_EQ(1, r1->total_part_count());

   ASSERT_EQ(2, r2->total_part_count());

 }

 // Tests TestResult::Passed().

 TEST_F(TestResultTest, Passed) {

   ASSERT_TRUE(r0->Passed());

   ASSERT_TRUE(r1->Passed());

   ASSERT_FALSE(r2->Passed());

 }

 // Tests TestResult::Failed().

 TEST_F(TestResultTest, Failed) {

   ASSERT_FALSE(r0->Failed());

   ASSERT_FALSE(r1->Failed());

   ASSERT_TRUE(r2->Failed());

 }

 // Tests TestResult::GetTestPartResult().

 typedef TestResultTest TestResultDeathTest;

 TEST_F(TestResultDeathTest, GetTestPartResult) {

   CompareTestPartResult(*pr1, r2->GetTestPartResult(0));

   CompareTestPartResult(*pr2, r2->GetTestPartResult(1));

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(r2->GetTestPartResult(2), "");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(r2->GetTestPartResult(-1), "");

 }

 // Tests TestResult has no properties when none are added.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, NoPropertiesFoundWhenNoneAreAdded) {

   TestResult test_result;

   ASSERT_EQ(0, test_result.test_property_count());

 }

 // Tests TestResult has the expected property when added.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, OnePropertyFoundWhenAdded) {

   TestResult test_result;

   TestProperty property("key_1", "1");

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property);

   ASSERT_EQ(1, test_result.test_property_count());

   const TestProperty& actual_property = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("1", actual_property.value());

 }

 // Tests TestResult has multiple properties when added.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, MultiplePropertiesFoundWhenAdded) {

   TestResult test_result;

   TestProperty property_1("key_1", "1");

   TestProperty property_2("key_2", "2");

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_1);

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_2);

   ASSERT_EQ(2, test_result.test_property_count());

   const TestProperty& actual_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property_1.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("1", actual_property_1.value());

   const TestProperty& actual_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", actual_property_2.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("2", actual_property_2.value());

 }

 // Tests TestResult::RecordProperty() overrides values for duplicate keys.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, OverridesValuesForDuplicateKeys) {

   TestResult test_result;

   TestProperty property_1_1("key_1", "1");

   TestProperty property_2_1("key_2", "2");

   TestProperty property_1_2("key_1", "12");

   TestProperty property_2_2("key_2", "22");

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_1_1);

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_2_1);

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_1_2);

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_2_2);

   ASSERT_EQ(2, test_result.test_property_count());

   const TestProperty& actual_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", actual_property_1.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("12", actual_property_1.value());

   const TestProperty& actual_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", actual_property_2.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("22", actual_property_2.value());

 }

 // Tests TestResult::GetTestProperty().

 TEST(TestResultPropertyDeathTest, GetTestProperty) {

   TestResult test_result;

   TestProperty property_1("key_1", "1");

   TestProperty property_2("key_2", "2");

   TestProperty property_3("key_3", "3");

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_1);

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_2);

   TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property_3);

   const TestProperty& fetched_property_1 = test_result.GetTestProperty(0);

   const TestProperty& fetched_property_2 = test_result.GetTestProperty(1);

   const TestProperty& fetched_property_3 = test_result.GetTestProperty(2);

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_1", fetched_property_1.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("1", fetched_property_1.value());

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_2", fetched_property_2.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("2", fetched_property_2.value());

   EXPECT_STREQ("key_3", fetched_property_3.key());

   EXPECT_STREQ("3", fetched_property_3.value());

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(test_result.GetTestProperty(3), "");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(test_result.GetTestProperty(-1), "");

 }

 // When a property using a reserved key is supplied to this function, it tests

 // that a non-fatal failure is added, a fatal failure is not added, and that the

 // property is not recorded.

 void ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey(const char* key) {

   TestResult test_result;

   TestProperty property(key, "1");

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(

       TestResultAccessor::RecordProperty(&test_result, property),

       "Reserved key");

   ASSERT_EQ(0, test_result.test_property_count()) << "Not recorded";

 }

 // Attempting to recording a property with the Reserved literal "name"

 // should add a non-fatal failure and the property should not be recorded.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, AddFailureWhenUsingReservedKeyCalledName) {

   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey("name");

 }

 // Attempting to recording a property with the Reserved literal "status"

 // should add a non-fatal failure and the property should not be recorded.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, AddFailureWhenUsingReservedKeyCalledStatus) {

   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey("status");

 }

 // Attempting to recording a property with the Reserved literal "time"

 // should add a non-fatal failure and the property should not be recorded.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, AddFailureWhenUsingReservedKeyCalledTime) {

   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey("time");

 }

 // Attempting to recording a property with the Reserved literal "classname"

 // should add a non-fatal failure and the property should not be recorded.

 TEST(TestResultPropertyTest, AddFailureWhenUsingReservedKeyCalledClassname) {

   ExpectNonFatalFailureRecordingPropertyWithReservedKey("classname");

 }

 // Tests that GTestFlagSaver works on Windows and Mac.

 class GTestFlagSaverTest : public Test {

  protected:

   // Saves the Google Test flags such that we can restore them later, and

   // then sets them to their default values.  This will be called

   // before the first test in this test case is run.

   static void SetUpTestCase() {

     saver_ = new GTestFlagSaver;

     GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = false;

     GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = false;

     GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = false;

     GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = false;

     GTEST_FLAG(color) = "auto";

     GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "";

     GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = false;

     GTEST_FLAG(output) = "";

     GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = true;

     GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 0;

     GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 1;

     GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = false;

     GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = kMaxStackTraceDepth;

     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "";

     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = false;

   }

   // Restores the Google Test flags that the tests have modified.  This will

   // be called after the last test in this test case is run.

   static void TearDownTestCase() {

     delete saver_;

     saver_ = NULL;

   }

   // Verifies that the Google Test flags have their default values, and then

   // modifies each of them.

   void VerifyAndModifyFlags() {

     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests));

     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure));

     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions));

     EXPECT_STREQ("auto", GTEST_FLAG(color).c_str());

     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork));

     EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(filter).c_str());

     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(list_tests));

     EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(output).c_str());

     EXPECT_TRUE(GTEST_FLAG(print_time));

     EXPECT_EQ(0, GTEST_FLAG(random_seed));

     EXPECT_EQ(1, GTEST_FLAG(repeat));

     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(shuffle));

     EXPECT_EQ(kMaxStackTraceDepth, GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth));

     EXPECT_STREQ("", GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to).c_str());

     EXPECT_FALSE(GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure));

     GTEST_FLAG(also_run_disabled_tests) = true;

     GTEST_FLAG(break_on_failure) = true;

     GTEST_FLAG(catch_exceptions) = true;

     GTEST_FLAG(color) = "no";

     GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork) = true;

     GTEST_FLAG(filter) = "abc";

     GTEST_FLAG(list_tests) = true;

     GTEST_FLAG(output) = "xml:foo.xml";

     GTEST_FLAG(print_time) = false;

     GTEST_FLAG(random_seed) = 1;

     GTEST_FLAG(repeat) = 100;

     GTEST_FLAG(shuffle) = true;

     GTEST_FLAG(stack_trace_depth) = 1;

     GTEST_FLAG(stream_result_to) = "localhost:1234";

     GTEST_FLAG(throw_on_failure) = true;

   }

  private:

   // For saving Google Test flags during this test case.

   static GTestFlagSaver* saver_;

 };

 GTestFlagSaver* GTestFlagSaverTest::saver_ = NULL;

 // Google Test doesn't guarantee the order of tests.  The following two

 // tests are designed to work regardless of their order.

 // Modifies the Google Test flags in the test body.

 TEST_F(GTestFlagSaverTest, ModifyGTestFlags) {

   VerifyAndModifyFlags();

 }

 // Verifies that the Google Test flags in the body of the previous test were

 // restored to their original values.

 TEST_F(GTestFlagSaverTest, VerifyGTestFlags) {

   VerifyAndModifyFlags();

 }

 // Sets an environment variable with the given name to the given

 // value.  If the value argument is "", unsets the environment

 // variable.  The caller must ensure that both arguments are not NULL.

 static void SetEnv(const char* name, const char* value) {

 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

   // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.

   return;

 #elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)

   // C++Builder's putenv only stores a pointer to its parameter; we have to

   // ensure that the string remains valid as long as it might be needed.

   // We use an std::map to do so.

   static std::map<String, String*> added_env;

   // Because putenv stores a pointer to the string buffer, we can't delete the

   // previous string (if present) until after it's replaced.

   String *prev_env = NULL;

   if (added_env.find(name) != added_env.end()) {

     prev_env = added_env[name];

   }

   added_env[name] = new String((Message() << name << "=" << value).GetString());

   // The standard signature of putenv accepts a 'char*' argument. Other

   // implementations, like C++Builder's, accept a 'const char*'.

   // We cast away the 'const' since that would work for both variants.

   putenv(const_cast<char*>(added_env[name]->c_str()));

   delete prev_env;

 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // If we are on Windows proper.

   _putenv((Message() << name << "=" << value).GetString().c_str());

 #else

   if (*value == '\0') {

     unsetenv(name);

   } else {

     setenv(name, value, 1);

   }

 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 }

 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.

 using testing::internal::Int32FromGTestEnv;

 // Tests Int32FromGTestEnv().

 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the

 // environment variable is not set.

 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenVariableIsNotSet) {

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "");

   EXPECT_EQ(10, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 10));

 }

 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the

 // environment variable overflows as an Int32.

 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueOverflows) {

   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "12345678987654321");

   EXPECT_EQ(20, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 20));

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "-12345678987654321");

   EXPECT_EQ(30, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 30));

 }

 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() returns the default value when the

 // environment variable does not represent a valid decimal integer.

 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueIsInvalid) {

   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "A1");

   EXPECT_EQ(40, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 40));

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "12X");

   EXPECT_EQ(50, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 50));

 }

 // Tests that Int32FromGTestEnv() parses and returns the value of the

 // environment variable when it represents a valid decimal integer in

 // the range of an Int32.

 TEST(Int32FromGTestEnvTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "123");

   EXPECT_EQ(123, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 0));

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TEMP", "-321");

   EXPECT_EQ(-321, Int32FromGTestEnv("temp", 0));

 }

 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 // Tests ParseInt32Flag().

 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the

 // output value when the flag has wrong format

 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsFalseForInvalidFlag) {

   Int32 value = 123;

   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--a=100", "b", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);

   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("a=100", "a", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);

 }

 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the

 // output value when the flag overflows as an Int32.

 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueOverflows) {

   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");

   Int32 value = 123;

   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=12345678987654321", "abc", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);

   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=-12345678987654321", "abc", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);

 }

 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() returns false and doesn't change the

 // output value when the flag does not represent a valid decimal

 // integer.

 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ReturnsDefaultWhenValueIsInvalid) {

   printf("(expecting 2 warnings)\n");

   Int32 value = 123;

   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=A1", "abc", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);

   EXPECT_FALSE(ParseInt32Flag("--abc=12X", "abc", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(123, value);

 }

 // Tests that ParseInt32Flag() parses the value of the flag and

 // returns true when the flag represents a valid decimal integer in

 // the range of an Int32.

 TEST(ParseInt32FlagTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {

   Int32 value = 123;

   EXPECT_TRUE(ParseInt32Flag("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "abc=456", "abc", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(456, value);

   EXPECT_TRUE(ParseInt32Flag("--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "abc=-789",

                              "abc", &value));

   EXPECT_EQ(-789, value);

 }

 // Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() parses the value of the var or

 // returns the correct default.

 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.

 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieTest, ParsesAndReturnsValidValue) {

   EXPECT_EQ(333, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", "123");

   EXPECT_EQ(123, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", "-123");

   EXPECT_EQ(-123, Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "UnsetVar", 333));

 }

 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 // Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() aborts with an error message

 // if the variable is not an Int32.

 TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieDeathTest, AbortsOnFailure) {

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", "xxx");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", 123),

       ".*");

 }

 // Tests that Int32FromEnvOrDie() aborts with an error message

 // if the variable cannot be represnted by an Int32.

 TEST(Int32FromEnvOrDieDeathTest, AbortsOnInt32Overflow) {

   SetEnv(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", "1234567891234567891234");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(

       Int32FromEnvOrDie(GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "VAR", 123),

       ".*");

 }

 // Tests that ShouldRunTestOnShard() selects all tests

 // where there is 1 shard.

 TEST(ShouldRunTestOnShardTest, IsPartitionWhenThereIsOneShard) {

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 0));

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 1));

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 2));

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 3));

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldRunTestOnShard(1, 0, 4));

 }

 class ShouldShardTest : public testing::Test {

  protected:

   virtual void SetUp() {

     index_var_ = GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "INDEX";

     total_var_ = GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "TOTAL";

   }

   virtual void TearDown() {

     SetEnv(index_var_, "");

     SetEnv(total_var_, "");

   }

   const char* index_var_;

   const char* total_var_;

 };

 // Tests that sharding is disabled if neither of the environment variables

 // are set.

 TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, ReturnsFalseWhenNeitherEnvVarIsSet) {

   SetEnv(index_var_, "");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "");

   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));

   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));

 }

 // Tests that sharding is not enabled if total_shards  == 1.

 TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, ReturnsFalseWhenTotalShardIsOne) {

   SetEnv(index_var_, "0");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "1");

   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));

   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));

 }

 // Tests that sharding is enabled if total_shards > 1 and

 // we are not in a death test subprocess.

 // Environment variables are not supported on Windows CE.

 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 TEST_F(ShouldShardTest, WorksWhenShardEnvVarsAreValid) {

   SetEnv(index_var_, "4");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "22");

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));

   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));

   SetEnv(index_var_, "8");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "9");

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));

   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));

   SetEnv(index_var_, "0");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "9");

   EXPECT_TRUE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false));

   EXPECT_FALSE(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, true));

 }

 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

 // Tests that we exit in error if the sharding values are not valid.

 typedef ShouldShardTest ShouldShardDeathTest;

 TEST_F(ShouldShardDeathTest, AbortsWhenShardingEnvVarsAreInvalid) {

   SetEnv(index_var_, "4");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "4");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");

   SetEnv(index_var_, "4");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "-2");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");

   SetEnv(index_var_, "5");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");

   SetEnv(index_var_, "");

   SetEnv(total_var_, "5");

   EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(ShouldShard(total_var_, index_var_, false), ".*");

 }

 // Tests that ShouldRunTestOnShard is a partition when 5

 // shards are used.

 TEST(ShouldRunTestOnShardTest, IsPartitionWhenThereAreFiveShards) {

   // Choose an arbitrary number of tests and shards.

   const int num_tests = 17;

   const int num_shards = 5;

   // Check partitioning: each test should be on exactly 1 shard.

   for (int test_id = 0; test_id < num_tests; test_id++) {

     int prev_selected_shard_index = -1;

     for (int shard_index = 0; shard_index < num_shards; shard_index++) {

       if (ShouldRunTestOnShard(num_shards, shard_index, test_id)) {

         if (prev_selected_shard_index < 0) {

           prev_selected_shard_index = shard_index;

         } else {

           ADD_FAILURE() << "Shard " << prev_selected_shard_index << " and "

             << shard_index << " are both selected to run test " << test_id;

         }

       }

     }

   }

   // Check balance: This is not required by the sharding protocol, but is a

   // desirable property for performance.

   for (int shard_index = 0; shard_index < num_shards; shard_index++) {

     int num_tests_on_shard = 0;

     for (int test_id = 0; test_id < num_tests; test_id++) {

       num_tests_on_shard +=

         ShouldRunTestOnShard(num_shards, shard_index, test_id);

     }

     EXPECT_GE(num_tests_on_shard, num_tests / num_shards);

   }

 }

 // For the same reason we are not explicitly testing everything in the

 // Test class, there are no separate tests for the following classes

 // (except for some trivial cases):

 //

 //   TestCase, UnitTest, UnitTestResultPrinter.

 //

 // Similarly, there are no separate tests for the following macros:

 //

 //   TEST, TEST_F, RUN_ALL_TESTS

 TEST(UnitTestTest, CanGetOriginalWorkingDir) {

   ASSERT_TRUE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir() != NULL);

   EXPECT_STRNE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(), "");

 }

 TEST(UnitTestTest, ReturnsPlausibleTimestamp) {

   EXPECT_LT(0, UnitTest::GetInstance()->start_timestamp());

   EXPECT_LE(UnitTest::GetInstance()->start_timestamp(), GetTimeInMillis());

 }

 // This group of tests is for predicate assertions (ASSERT_PRED*, etc)

 // of various arities.  They do not attempt to be exhaustive.  Rather,

 // view them as smoke tests that can be easily reviewed and verified.

 // A more complete set of tests for predicate assertions can be found

 // in gtest_pred_impl_unittest.cc.

 // First, some predicates and predicate-formatters needed by the tests.

 // Returns true iff the argument is an even number.

 bool IsEven(int n) {

   return (n % 2) == 0;

 }

 // A functor that returns true iff the argument is an even number.

 struct IsEvenFunctor {

   bool operator()(int n) { return IsEven(n); }

 };

 // A predicate-formatter function that asserts the argument is an even

 // number.

 AssertionResult AssertIsEven(const char* expr, int n) {

   if (IsEven(n)) {

     return AssertionSuccess();

   }

   Message msg;

   msg << expr << " evaluates to " << n << ", which is not even.";

   return AssertionFailure(msg);

 }

 // A predicate function that returns AssertionResult for use in

 // EXPECT/ASSERT_TRUE/FALSE.

 AssertionResult ResultIsEven(int n) {

   if (IsEven(n))

     return AssertionSuccess() << n << " is even";

   else

     return AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";

 }

 // A predicate function that returns AssertionResult but gives no

 // explanation why it succeeds. Needed for testing that

 // EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE handles such functions correctly.

 AssertionResult ResultIsEvenNoExplanation(int n) {

   if (IsEven(n))

     return AssertionSuccess();

   else

     return AssertionFailure() << n << " is odd";

 }

 // A predicate-formatter functor that asserts the argument is an even

 // number.

 struct AssertIsEvenFunctor {

   AssertionResult operator()(const char* expr, int n) {

     return AssertIsEven(expr, n);

   }

 };

 // Returns true iff the sum of the arguments is an even number.

 bool SumIsEven2(int n1, int n2) {

   return IsEven(n1 + n2);

 }

 // A functor that returns true iff the sum of the arguments is an even

 // number.

 struct SumIsEven3Functor {

   bool operator()(int n1, int n2, int n3) {

     return IsEven(n1 + n2 + n3);

   }

 };

 // A predicate-formatter function that asserts the sum of the

 // arguments is an even number.

 AssertionResult AssertSumIsEven4(

     const char* e1, const char* e2, const char* e3, const char* e4,

     int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4) {

   const int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4;

   if (IsEven(sum)) {

     return AssertionSuccess();

   }

   Message msg;

   msg << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4

       << " (" << n1 << " + " << n2 << " + " << n3 << " + " << n4

       << ") evaluates to " << sum << ", which is not even.";

   return AssertionFailure(msg);

 }

 // A predicate-formatter functor that asserts the sum of the arguments

 // is an even number.

 struct AssertSumIsEven5Functor {

   AssertionResult operator()(

       const char* e1, const char* e2, const char* e3, const char* e4,

       const char* e5, int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4, int n5) {

     const int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 + n5;

     if (IsEven(sum)) {

       return AssertionSuccess();

     }

     Message msg;

     msg << e1 << " + " << e2 << " + " << e3 << " + " << e4 << " + " << e5

         << " ("

         << n1 << " + " << n2 << " + " << n3 << " + " << n4 << " + " << n5

         << ") evaluates to " << sum << ", which is not even.";

     return AssertionFailure(msg);

   }

 };

 // Tests unary predicate assertions.

 // Tests unary predicate assertions that don't use a custom formatter.

 TEST(Pred1Test, WithoutFormat) {

   // Success cases.

   EXPECT_PRED1(IsEvenFunctor(), 2) << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";

   ASSERT_PRED1(IsEven, 4);

   // Failure cases.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     EXPECT_PRED1(IsEven, 5) << "This failure is expected.";

   }, "This failure is expected.");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_PRED1(IsEvenFunctor(), 5),

                        "evaluates to false");

 }

 // Tests unary predicate assertions that use a custom formatter.

 TEST(Pred1Test, WithFormat) {

   // Success cases.

   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEven, 2);

   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), 4)

     << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";

   // Failure cases.

   const int n = 5;

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), n),

                           "n evaluates to 5, which is not even.");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEven, 5) << "This failure is expected.";

   }, "This failure is expected.");

 }

 // Tests that unary predicate assertions evaluates their arguments

 // exactly once.

 TEST(Pred1Test, SingleEvaluationOnFailure) {

   // A success case.

   static int n = 0;

   EXPECT_PRED1(IsEven, n++);

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n) << "The argument is not evaluated exactly once.";

   // A failure case.

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(AssertIsEvenFunctor(), n++)

         << "This failure is expected.";

   }, "This failure is expected.");

   EXPECT_EQ(2, n) << "The argument is not evaluated exactly once.";

 }

 // Tests predicate assertions whose arity is >= 2.

 // Tests predicate assertions that don't use a custom formatter.

 TEST(PredTest, WithoutFormat) {

   // Success cases.

   ASSERT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, 2, 4) << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";

   EXPECT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), 4, 6, 8);

   // Failure cases.

   const int n1 = 1;

   const int n2 = 2;

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     EXPECT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, n1, n2) << "This failure is expected.";

   }, "This failure is expected.");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     ASSERT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), 1, 2, 4);

   }, "evaluates to false");

 }

 // Tests predicate assertions that use a custom formatter.

 TEST(PredTest, WithFormat) {

   // Success cases.

   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, 4, 6, 8, 10) <<

     "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";

   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10);

   // Failure cases.

   const int n1 = 1;

   const int n2 = 2;

   const int n3 = 4;

   const int n4 = 6;

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, n1, n2, n3, n4);

   }, "evaluates to 13, which is not even.");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8)

         << "This failure is expected.";

   }, "This failure is expected.");

 }

 // Tests that predicate assertions evaluates their arguments

 // exactly once.

 TEST(PredTest, SingleEvaluationOnFailure) {

   // A success case.

   int n1 = 0;

   int n2 = 0;

   EXPECT_PRED2(SumIsEven2, n1++, n2++);

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   // Another success case.

   n1 = n2 = 0;

   int n3 = 0;

   int n4 = 0;

   int n5 = 0;

   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT5(AssertSumIsEven5Functor(),

                       n1++, n2++, n3++, n4++, n5++)

                         << "This failure is UNEXPECTED!";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n4) << "Argument 4 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n5) << "Argument 5 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   // A failure case.

   n1 = n2 = n3 = 0;

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     EXPECT_PRED3(SumIsEven3Functor(), ++n1, n2++, n3++)

         << "This failure is expected.";

   }, "This failure is expected.");

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   // Another failure case.

   n1 = n2 = n3 = n4 = 0;

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT4(AssertSumIsEven4, ++n1, n2++, n3++, n4++);

   }, "evaluates to 1, which is not even.");

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n1) << "Argument 1 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n2) << "Argument 2 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n3) << "Argument 3 is not evaluated exactly once.";

   EXPECT_EQ(1, n4) << "Argument 4 is not evaluated exactly once.";

 }

 // Some helper functions for testing using overloaded/template

 // functions with ASSERT_PREDn and EXPECT_PREDn.

 bool IsPositive(double x) {

   return x > 0;

 }

 template <typename T>

 bool IsNegative(T x) {

   return x < 0;

 }

 template <typename T1, typename T2>

 bool GreaterThan(T1 x1, T2 x2) {

   return x1 > x2;

 }

 // Tests that overloaded functions can be used in *_PRED* as long as

 // their types are explicitly specified.

 TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, AcceptsOverloadedFunction) {

   // C++Builder requires C-style casts rather than static_cast.

   EXPECT_PRED1((bool (*)(int))(IsPositive), 5);  // NOLINT

   ASSERT_PRED1((bool (*)(double))(IsPositive), 6.0);  // NOLINT

 }

 // Tests that template functions can be used in *_PRED* as long as

 // their types are explicitly specified.

 TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, AcceptsTemplateFunction) {

   EXPECT_PRED1(IsNegative<int>, -5);

   // Makes sure that we can handle templates with more than one

   // parameter.

   ASSERT_PRED2((GreaterThan<int, int>), 5, 0);

 }

 // Some helper functions for testing using overloaded/template

 // functions with ASSERT_PRED_FORMATn and EXPECT_PRED_FORMATn.

 AssertionResult IsPositiveFormat(const char* /* expr */, int n) {

   return n > 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :

       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");

 }

 AssertionResult IsPositiveFormat(const char* /* expr */, double x) {

   return x > 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :

       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");

 }

 template <typename T>

 AssertionResult IsNegativeFormat(const char* /* expr */, T x) {

   return x < 0 ? AssertionSuccess() :

       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");

 }

 template <typename T1, typename T2>

 AssertionResult EqualsFormat(const char* /* expr1 */, const char* /* expr2 */,

                              const T1& x1, const T2& x2) {

   return x1 == x2 ? AssertionSuccess() :

       AssertionFailure(Message() << "Failure");

 }

 // Tests that overloaded functions can be used in *_PRED_FORMAT*

 // without explicitly specifying their types.

 TEST(PredicateFormatAssertionTest, AcceptsOverloadedFunction) {

   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsPositiveFormat, 5);

   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsPositiveFormat, 6.0);

 }

 // Tests that template functions can be used in *_PRED_FORMAT* without

 // explicitly specifying their types.

 TEST(PredicateFormatAssertionTest, AcceptsTemplateFunction) {

   EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT1(IsNegativeFormat, -5);

   ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(EqualsFormat, 3, 3);

 }

 // Tests string assertions.

 // Tests ASSERT_STREQ with non-NULL arguments.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ) {

   const char * const p1 = "good";

   ASSERT_STREQ(p1, p1);

   // Let p2 have the same content as p1, but be at a different address.

   const char p2[] = "good";

   ASSERT_STREQ(p1, p2);

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("bad", "good"),

                        "Expected: \"bad\"");

 }

 // Tests ASSERT_STREQ with NULL arguments.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ_Null) {

   ASSERT_STREQ(static_cast<const char *>(NULL), NULL);

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ(NULL, "non-null"),

                        "non-null");

 }

 // Tests ASSERT_STREQ with NULL arguments.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STREQ_Null2) {

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STREQ("non-null", NULL),

                        "non-null");

 }

 // Tests ASSERT_STRNE.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRNE) {

   ASSERT_STRNE("hi", "Hi");

   ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", NULL);

   ASSERT_STRNE(NULL, "Hi");

   ASSERT_STRNE("", NULL);

   ASSERT_STRNE(NULL, "");

   ASSERT_STRNE("", "Hi");

   ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", "");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRNE("Hi", "Hi"),

                        "\"Hi\" vs \"Hi\"");

 }

 // Tests ASSERT_STRCASEEQ.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRCASEEQ) {

   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("hi", "Hi");

   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(static_cast<const char *>(NULL), NULL);

   ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("", "");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASEEQ("Hi", "hi2"),

                        "(ignoring case)");

 }

 // Tests ASSERT_STRCASENE.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, ASSERT_STRCASENE) {

   ASSERT_STRCASENE("hi1", "Hi2");

   ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", NULL);

   ASSERT_STRCASENE(NULL, "Hi");

   ASSERT_STRCASENE("", NULL);

   ASSERT_STRCASENE(NULL, "");

   ASSERT_STRCASENE("", "Hi");

   ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", "");

   EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(ASSERT_STRCASENE("Hi", "hi"),

                        "(ignoring case)");

 }

 // Tests *_STREQ on wide strings.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, STREQ_Wide) {

   // NULL strings.

   ASSERT_STREQ(static_cast<const wchar_t *>(NULL), NULL);

   // Empty strings.

   ASSERT_STREQ(L"", L"");

   // Non-null vs NULL.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"non-null", NULL),

                           "non-null");

   // Equal strings.

   EXPECT_STREQ(L"Hi", L"Hi");

   // Unequal strings.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc", L"Abc"),

                           "Abc");

   // Strings containing wide characters.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8120"),

                           "abc");

   // The streaming variation.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     EXPECT_STREQ(L"abc\x8119", L"abc\x8121") << "Expected failure";

   }, "Expected failure");

 }

 // Tests *_STRNE on wide strings.

 TEST(StringAssertionTest, STRNE_Wide) {

   // NULL strings.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT

     EXPECT_STRNE(static_cast<const wchar_t *>(NULL), NULL);

   }, "");

   // Empty strings.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"", L""),

                           "L\"\"");

   // Non-null vs NULL.

   ASSERT_STRNE(L"non-null", NULL);

   // Equal strings.

   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_STRNE(L"Hi", L"Hi"),